SUMMING UP 20TH CENTURY

• Write  a brief extract of the article in english.
• Draw a timeline incluiding the most relevant eventsthat Emma have seen and we have studied in class.  

La única persona viva que nació antes de 1900

La italiana Emma Morano llegó al mundo en 1899, cuando no había aviones en el cielo ni radios en los hogares.

Emma Morano. Foto: Telegraph

Es la persona más longeva de la Tierra y la única sobreviviente entre quienes nacieran en el Siglo XIX. La italiana Emma Morano nació el 29 de noviembre de 1899, por lo que camina hacia su cumpleaños 117 para fines de este 2016.

El jueves 12 de mayo pasado falleció la estadounidense Susannah Mushatt Jones, quien tenía cinco meses más y alcanzó a vivir 116 años con 311 días. Era la otra integrante del privilegiado grupo de las abuelas del mundo.

Informa el periódico El País que el Grupo de Investigación de Gerontología de Estados Unidos registraba hasta cinco personas en este club especial, pero que cuatro ya fallecieron en los últimos meses. Ahora queda Emma en Verbania, en el norte italiano.

Ella come tres huevos al día y sólo desayuna leche con un par de galletas. Su hermana falleció con 107 años y su madre vivió hasta los 91.En la Universidad de Harvard estudian ya su ADN. Cuando llegó al mundo los aviones no surcaban los cielos, ni tampoco había equipos de radio en las casas.

 

Emma Morano es consciente de que la Tierra a la que llegó ya no existe, pero pudo ser pionera en algunas cosas. Fue mujer trabajadora hasta los 75 años y fue capaz de separarse de su marido en 1938 para terminar con los malos tratos que sufría.

Ella explica -en las numerosas entrevistas que ha concedido en el último tiempo- que su dieta y su genética son claves para su longevidad. Ella vive sola, pero es visitada a diario por sus familiares y enfermeros.

Create a timeline comparing Animal farm´s plot with the october russian revolution.

ROMANTICISM AND REALISM ACTIVITY

Match each picture with one of the texts below and allocate them wether to romanticism or to realism. (Instructions for teacher: don´t forget to erase the authors)

The Wanderer above the mists, Friedrich

The massacre of Chios, Delacroix

The third-class carriege, Daumier

The Angelus, MIllet

In a small English country town, the inhabitants of which supported themselves by the labour of their hands in plaiting and preparing straw for those who made bonnets and other articles of dress and ornament from that material, - concealed under an assumed name, and living in a quiet poverty which knew no change, no pleasures, and few cares but that of struggling on from day to day in one great toil for bread, - dwelt Barnaby and his mother. Their poor cottage had known no stranger's foot since they sought the shelter of its roof five years before; nor had they in all that time held any commerce or communication with the old world from which they had fled. To labour in peace, and devote her labour and her life to her poor son, was all the widow sought. If happiness can be said at any time to be the lot of one on whom a secret sorrow preys, she was happy now. Tranquillity, resignation, and her strong love of him who needed it so much, formed the small circle of her quiet joys; and while that remained unbroken, she was contented.

Dickens Pickwick Papers 1836

His cheeks were purple and he kept his eyes on the ground. He was a lad eighteen or nineteen years of age, small in stature, with irregular but delicate features, and of a constitution apparently weakly. His nose was aquiline; and his large black eyes, which in quiet moments showed thought and vivacity, were ablaze now with the fiercest hatred. His dark brown hair, growing very low on his forehead, gave him a narrow brow, that in moments of anger looked positively wicked. His face would hardly be remarked among the infinite variety of human countenances by any feature particularly striking.

Sthendal The red and the black

There is pleasure in the pathless woods,

there is rapture in the lonely shore,

there is society where none intrudes,

by the deep sea, and music in its roar;

I love not Man the less, but Nature more.

Lord Byron

Sand, sand, and still more sand!

The desert! Fearful land!

Teeming with monsters dread

And plagues on every hand!

Here in an endless flow,

Sandhills of golden glow,

Where'er the tempests blow,

Like a great flood are spread.

Sometimes the sacred spot

Hears human sounds profane, when

As from Ophir or from Memphre

Stretches the caravan.

From far the eyes, its trail

Along the burning shale

Bending its wavering tail,

Like a mottled serpent scan.

These deserts are of God!

His are the bounds alone,

Here, where no feet have trod,

To Him its centre known!

And from this smoking sea

Veiled in obscurity,

The foam one seems to see

In fiery ashes thrown.

Victor Hugo Les Orienteles

Les Orientales is a collection of poems by Victor Hugo, inspired by Greek War of Independance. They werethe first published in January 1829.

Of the forty-onepoems, thirty-six were writen during 1828. They offer a series of highly coloured tableaux depicting scenes from eastern Mediterranean that, reflecting the cultural and political bias of French public, underscore the contrast between freedom-loving Greeks and imperialism Ottoman Turks. The fashionable subject ensured the books´s success. 

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ACTIVITY

Relate these features with the world before the Industrial Revolution or after it.

	BEFORE the Industrial	AFTER the Industrial
	Revolution	Revolution
Cars
Rural life
Factories
Small villages
Energy sources
Machinery
Windmill
Railways
International Trade
Farming
Towns and cities
Local trade
Workers
Farmers

IMPERIALISM ACTIVITIES

IMPERIALISM ACTIVITIES

Complete the maps below. You have to paint the first map with the names of Africa´s colonies and you have to do it paintting one colour for each metropoli. For instanse, green to U.K. colonies, red to french ones and so and so.

Then, you have to do the same process for Asia as well.

AMERICAN REVOLUTION TASK

1. Write a couple of lines about each of the maps that show the process of formation of the USA

:

19th century in Spain

TASKS:

1.   Look at Goya's painting Firing Squad 3rd May and answer:

➔ Who are the people that are going to be shot? And their killers?
➔ Where do you think this happened?
➔ How can Goya show such dramatism in the picture?

2. The 1812 Constitution:

Art.3 – Sovereignity is in the nation and only this has the right to establish the fundamental laws.

Art. 15 – The power to make laws is in the hands of the courts and the king.

Art. 16 – The power to execute the laws is in the hands of the king.

Art. 17 – The power to apply the laws in civil and crimminal problems (or causes) is in the tribunals determined by the law. 

Art. 172.1 – The king cannot close the courts and those who help him would be considered traitors so they could be prosecuted.

Art. 371 – All Spanish people are free to write, print and publish their own political ideas without any permission, revision or approvement before their publication, only under the conditions established by law.

➔ Which article shows the national sovereignity?

➔ Name the articles where we can see the division of powers.

➔ What types of freedom can we see?

➔ Do you think the Constitution reduced the king's power? Justify your answer.

3. Write three features of Ferdinand VII's goverments:

Absolutism	Liberal triennium	Ominous decade
(1814-1820)	(1820-1823)	(1823-1833)

4.    Draw a time line for the 19^th century in Spain:

➔   Write the name of the periods that you have studied.

➔   You must also place:

a.    the first republic is proclaimed

b.   Pragmatica Sanction

c.    the beginning of the Independence War

d.   the Bourbons are reinstalled

e.    Mendizábal's desamortización

f.     Isabella II becomes queen

g.   Riego's coup d'etat

h.   alternating governments

i.     La Pepa

➔   After that, write a paragraph about everything, explaining each of those events.

5.    Explain the differences between:

➔   Constitutional monarchy and absolute monarchy.

➔   Monarchy and republic.

➔   Conservatives and progressives.

6.    Name the different types of government in the second part of the 19^th century.

7.    Match the people to what they did:

- Ferdinand VII	- started the desamotización of the
- Espartero	Church properties
- Mendizábal	- refused the 1812 Constitution
- Cánovas	- started alternating government
	- was Isabella II's regent

8.    Which of these reasons made the first Spanish Republic fail? Explain your answer.

➔   There were too many monarchical groups in the Parliament.

➔   The arrival of 100.000 Saint Louis´s sons.

➔   The lack of agreement between the supporters of the republic.

➔   There were a lot of wars: Carlists, Cuba ...

➔   There was opposition from workers organizations.

9.    Write a report comparing Isabella's kingdom and Alfonso XII's time (15 lines or more).

10. Compare the 1812, 1845, 1869 and 1876 Constitutions.

SUFFRAGE ACTIVITY

Read the text to the class, and then asking them some questions about each paragraph:

1) Do you think women should be allowed to vote?

2) What is ‘morality’? How can women bring this into politics?

3) Women got to vote in Spain in 1931. Why did it take so long?

4) What do you think about women holding the most powerful positions in a country?

5) Can women make the world a better place? How?

Then we can identify any new words and they can take turns read it back.

Women's suffrage in New Zealand

Women's suffrage (the right of women to vote) in New Zealand was an important political issue in the late 19th century. In early colonial New Zealand, as in other European societies, women were excluded from any involvement in politics. Public opinion began to change in the latter half of the 19th century, however, and after about two decades of campaigning by suffrage campaigners, led by Kate Sheppard, New Zealand became the first self-governing colony in the world in which all women had the right to vote in parliamentary elections.

The New Zealand branch of the Women's Christian Temperance Union was particularly instrumental in the campaign. Influenced by the American branch of the Women's Christian Temperance Movement and the philosophy of thinkers like Harriet Taylor Mill and John Stuart Mill, the movement argued that women could bring morality into democratic politics. Opponents argued instead that politics was outside women's 'natural sphere' of the home and family. Suffrage advocates countered that allowing women to vote would encourage policies which protected and nurtured families.

From 1887, various attempts were made to pass bills in parliament enabling female suffrage. Each bill came close to passing. Several electoral bills that would have given adult women the right to vote were passed in the House of Representatives, but defeated in the upper Legislative Council.

By 1893 there was considerable popular support for women's suffrage. The 1893 Women's Suffrage Petition was presented to Parliament and a new Electoral Bill passed through the Lower House with a large majority. During debate, there was majority support for the enfranchisement (the granting of citizenship) of Māori (indigenous people of New Zealand) as well as Pākehā (of European descent) women.

Within Parliament eighteen legislative councillors petitioned the governor, Lord Glasgow, to withhold his consent in enacting the law, but on 18 September 1893 the governor consented and The Electoral Act 1893 gave all women in New Zealand the right to vote.

Recently:

• 1989: Catherine Tizard became the first woman Governor-General of New Zealand

• 1997: Jenny Shipley became first woman Prime Minister of New Zealand

• 1999: Helen Clark became first elected woman Prime Minister of New Zealand

• 1999: Sian Elias became the first woman Chief Justice of New Zealand

1999 was a significant year for women in New Zealand, because for the first time in history the four most powerful positions in the country were held by women: Queen Elizabeth, Helen Clark, Catherine Tizard, and Sian Elias held the positions of Queen, Prime Minister, Governor-General, and the Chief Justice Minister respectively.

New Zealand	1893
Australia	1902
Grand Duchy of Finland	1906
Norway	1913
Kingdom of Denmark	1915
Armenia	1919
Canada	1917
Estonia	1917
Latvia	1917
Russian Republic	1917
Uruguay	1917
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic	1918
Democratic Republic of Georgia	1918
Germany	1918
Hungarian Democratic Republic	1918
Kyrgyz SSR	1918
Lithuania	1918
Poland	1918
United Kingdom	1928
Austria	1919
Belarusian People's Republic	1919
Belgium	1919
Jersey	1919
Luxembourg	1919
Netherlands	1919
Ukrainian SSR	1919
Southern Rhodesia (Today: Zimbabwe)	1919
Principality of Albania	1920
Czechoslovakia (Today: Czech Republic, Slovakia)	1920
United States	1920
Sweden	1921
Burma	1922
Ireland	1922
Kazakh SSR	1924
Mongolian People's Republic	1924
Tajik SSR	1924
Turkmen SSR	1924
Italy	1945
Trinidad and Tobago	1925
Ecuador	1929
Moldova	1929
Puerto Rico	1929
Romania	1929
Greece	1930
Turkey	1930
Portugal	1931
Spain	1931
Sri Lanka	1931
Brazil	1932
Maldives	1932
Thailand	1932
Cuba	1934
Philippines	1937
Bolivia	1938
Kingdom of Bulgaria	1938
Uzbek SSR	1938
El Salvador	1939
Panama	1941
Dominican Republic	1942
Bermuda	1944
France	1944
Jamaica	1944
Indonesia	1945
Senegal	1945
Togo	1945
Yugoslavia (Today: Serbia, Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia)	1945
Djibouti	1946
Guatemala	1946
Korea, North	1946
Liberia	1946
Venezuela	1946
Vietnam	1946
Argentina	1947
China	1947
India	1947
Japan	1947
Malta	1947
Mexico	1947
Pakistan	1947
Singapore	1947
Taiwan	1947
Israel	1948
Korea, South	1948
Niger	1948
Seychelles	1948
Suriname	1948
Chile	1949
Costa Rica	1949
Hong Kong	1949
Netherlands Antilles	1949
Syria	1949
Barbados	1950
Haiti	1950
Nepal	1951
Côte d'Ivoire	1952
Lebanon	1952
Bhutan	1953
Guyana	1953
British Honduras (Today: Belize)	1954
Colombia	1954
Ghana	1954
Kingdom of Cambodia	1955
Ethiopia (Then including Eritrea)	1955
Honduras	1955
Nicaragua	1955
Peru	1955
Dahomey (Today: Benin)	1956
Comoros	1956
Egypt	1956
Gabon	1956
Mali	1956
Mauritius	1956
Somalia	1956
Cayman Islands	1957
Federation of Malaya (Today: Malaysia)	1957
Tunisia	1957
Upper Volta (Today: Burkina Faso)	1958
Chad	1958
Guinea	1958
Kingdom of Laos	1958
Nigeria	1958
Brunei	1959
Madagascar	1959
San Marino	1959
Tanzania	1959
Bahamas	1960
Cyprus	1960
Gambia, The	1960
Tonga	1960
Burundi	1961
Malawi	1961
Mauritania	1961
Paraguay	1961
Rwanda	1961
Sierra Leone	1961
Algeria	1962
Monaco	1962
Uganda	1962
Zambia	1962
Kingdom of Afghanistan	1963
Congo, Republic of the	1963
Equatorial Guinea	1963
Fiji	1963
Iran	1963
Kenya	1963
Morocco	1963
Kingdom of Libya	1964
Papua New Guinea	1964
Sudan	1964
Botswana	1965
Lesotho	1965
Democratic Republic of the Congo	1967
Kiribati	1967
Tuvalu	1967
South Yemen (Today: Yemen)	1967
Nauru	1968
Swaziland	1968
Andorra	1970
North Yemen (Today: Yemen)	1970
Bangladesh	1971
Switzerland	1971
Jordan	1974
Solomon Islands	1974
People's Republic of Mozambique	1975
Vanuatu	1975
Iraq	1980
Liechtenstein	1984
Kuwait	1985
Central African Republic	1986
Namibia	1989
Samoa	1990
South Africa	1994
Qatar	1997
Bahrain	2002
Oman	2003
United Arab Emirates	2006
Saudi Arabia	2015
Vatican City	No voting